The article analyzes current threats to financial security and assesses the effectiveness of economic and legal instruments for countering them in the context of geopolitical risks, economic sanctions, exchange rate fluctuations and instability in international markets. The author reveals the concepts and essence of financial security, considers its key features and concludes that trends in changes in gross domestic product, inflation and the exchange rate against the backdrop of geopolitical events have a significant impact on the country’s financial security. The author reveals the mechanisms of influence of geopolitical risks on the financial system and shows that financial security as an element of national security requires rethinking the strategy of protection in the face of growing threats. The article proposes economic and legal measures to respond to and counteract geopolitical risks. It is shown that in the context of sanctions pressure, mechanisms of autonomization of legal regulation that allow protecting national interests acquire a special role. The article proves that financial security in the face of geopolitical challenges requires a systemic approach that combines legal and economic instruments. At the same time, it is important not only to counteract existing threats to the country’s financial security, but also to form a proactive strategy that will be able to withstand geopolitical challenges in the long term.

The article is devoted to the analysis of trends in the development of labour law in the Russian Federation in the aspect of the implementation of strategic planning documents both at the federal level and at the level of subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as concepts of personnel management and social responsibility of the employer at the local level in relation to a specific employer. This is extremely important, since the further improvement and evolution of labor legislation depends on the correct definition of priorities and directions of development. The proposed approach avoids subjectivity in determining trends in the development of labor law, which is of great importance from the point of view of both strategic planning and the development strategy of a legal entity. In this regard, it is proposed to classify the trends in the development of Russian labor law into two groups: trends generated by strategic planning documents at the federal level, at the level of subjects of the Russian Federation; trends determined by the development strategies of the organization.

The article examines legal instruments that ensure the financial security of the state, business and citizens in the face of modern challenges such as economic sanctions, digitalization, and the growth of financial crimes. The main regulatory legal acts governing the sphere of financial security in the Russian Federation are analyzed, institutional mechanisms and international approaches are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the role of legislation in combating money laundering, terrorist financing, combating corruption and strengthening the banking system. Proposals for improving the legal mechanisms for ensuring financial security are presented.

The article examines the role of the domestic financial market in ensuring the financial security of the state, with an emphasis on the development of the stock and debt segments. The author considers the key mechanisms of the domestic financial market, including capital mobilization, reduction of dependence on external financing, strengthening the role of the national currency, risk management and liquidity support. It is shown that the development of the domestic financial market strengthens financial sovereignty, reduces vulnerability to sanctions pressure and increases the resilience of the national economy. Particular attention is paid to the impact of external factors, including sanctions, currency volatility and restrictions on cross-border settlements. A comparative analysis of regulatory practices in the USA, China, India and Russia is presented. For Russia, the most relevant areas are deoffshorization of capital, digitalization of the debt market, expansion of the domestic investor base and further reduction of dependence on the US dollar.

The article is devoted to the consideration of economic instruments that ensure the national security of the state in the face of geopolitical challenges. It examines specific measures and mechanisms that can be used to counter possible negative consequences. A rational combination of financial autonomy, diversification of export flows, support for domestic producers, and strengthening of food and energy security can help ensure economic stability and counter potential negative consequences.

In an environment of growing cyber threats, sanctions and complex digital supply chains, protection of restricted information becomes not only a technical but also a legal task. The article analyses key legal regimes for protecting information assets (trade secrets, personal data and internal confidential information), requirements for internal policies and contractual instruments (NDAs, confidentiality clauses, data processing agreements), and major forms of legal liability for confidentiality breaches. It is shown that data centric security and data classification solutions may serve as practical enforcement tools by implementing the “deny by default” principle, access control, encryption, labeling and end to end audit. Using Perimetrix SafeSpace as a case study, the paper outlines approaches to building an information security compliance framework and reducing regulatory and litigation risks.

The article examines the role of digital ecosystems and platform solutions in ensuring financial transparency and the sustainability of logistics systems under geopolitical challenges. The digitalization of supply chains has become a key direction in strengthening the financial security of the state and business, contributing to the reduction of transaction costs, control over financial flows, and minimization of corruption risks. The paper analyzes mechanisms for integrating platform solutions (ERP, SCM, blockchain, Big Data) into transport and logistics processes, as well as the impact of digital transformation on improving the transparency of settlements and building trust among participants in logistics chains. Based on the synthesis of domestic and international practices, it is substantiated that the development of digital ecosystems creates the prerequisites for building a unified space of trust in the economy and strengthening national financial security.

This article examines the evolution of public legal institutions of financial control in Russia as a system-forming factor in the formation of the state's financial security. Drawing on key historical stages — from early practices of accounting and collection of payments in Ancient Rus' and the first centralized financial structures under Ivan III, through the institutionalization of control in the XVII century and Peter the Great's reform of the supervisory vertical, to the budgetary and control transformations of the XIX century and attempts at parliamentary influence in the early XX century — it is demonstrated that the sustainability of public finances depended not so much on the volume of resources collected, but on the architecture of control, its independence, and its ability to neutralize internal threats (embezzlement, corruption, misappropriation of funds). Special attention is paid to Soviet models based on party-state supervision and "people's control" revealing their structural limitations: the substitution of professional audit with mass participation, the politicization of inspections, and a lack of independence. It is concluded that historical experience confirms that effective financial security requires professional, independent, and technologically equipped control embedded within a system of public accountability.

The article is devoted to a comparative legal analysis of models of financial security in the context of international disintegration. It examines the theoretical and legal foundations of fi nancial sovereignty as a political and legal phenomenon associated with national security. Based on an analysis of strategic documents and practices of the USA, the UK, the EU, and the PRC, four models are identifi ed: hegemonic (USA), institutional-balancing (UK), supranational (EU), and sovereign-autonomous (PRC). The transformation of international law under the influence of restrictive measures is revealed, manifested in the crisis of universalism and the formation of competing legal regimes. It is concluded that there is no universal model for ensuring financial security and that the role of law is increasing in creating a new polycentric architecture of international financial relations.

The article examines the evolution of the legal regulation of financial security at the global level with an emphasis on combating money laundering and terrorist financing (AML/CFT). The authors analyze the formation and development of key international standards, primarily the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), as well as the mechanisms for their implementation in national legal systems. Particular attention is paid to new challenges associated with the digitalization of financial services, including the use of crypto assets and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, which create both new opportunities and risks for AML/CFT regimes. As part of the solution of the scientific problem in the context of the legal regulation of AI technologies, the emerging dilemma is explored between the need to use it to improve the effectiveness of financial monitoring and the obligation to ensure the protection of fundamental human rights, such as privacy and non-discrimination. Based on a comparative analysis of international experience, the author concludes that there is a need for a balanced, innovation-oriented, but at the same time human rights-based approach to the further development of the global financial security system.

This article examines the globalization of the economy and the problems and challenges facing the global anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing (AML/CFT) system. The authors analyze the role of international cooperation in increasing the effectiveness of the fight against these phenomena, paying particular attention to the activities of key international institutions — the FATF and the Egmont Group. Systemic problems such as constantly changing standards, subjectivity in member states' assessments, politicization of processes, a selective approach to defining terrorism and proliferation financing, and limited access to financial intelligence technologies were identified and characterized. The examples of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Cuba demonstrate both the positive experience of cooperation and the negative consequences of politically motivated decisions. The article calls for a stronger technical rather than political approach to the global AML/CFT network, ensuring equal access to technology, and developing a consensus on overcoming the identified problems to protect national interests and improve the effectiveness of international efforts in the field of financial security.

The requirements established by the current AML/CFT legislation to debit funds from the accounts of clients classified as at high risk of suspicious transactions on the basis of enforcement documents actually leads to the fact that banks refuse to immediately debit funds from the accounts of such clients. Thus, the bank's actions, on the one hand, comply with AML/ CFT legislation, and on the other hand, violate the law on enforcement proceedings. Conversely, the immediate enforcement of enforcement documents by banks leads to violations of AML/CFT legislation and significant penalties for banks. The article analyzes the legal conflict that has arisen as a result of the implementation by banks of the provisions of the current legislation on enforcement proceedings in the framework of their internal control procedures to combat the legalization of proceeds from crime and the financing of terrorism, and suggests ways to resolve it by making appropriate changes to the legislation.

The article discusses the main ways to improve the legal framework and practice of international cooperation in the field of asset recovery obtained through criminal means from abroad. It describes the current problems of international anti-criminal cooperation related to the practical implementation of recovery of illicit assets. The article presents some perspective areas of work in this field.

This article examines the gaps in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan regarding liability for the activities of "drops" (money mules) — individuals who provide their own bank accounts and payment instruments to facilitate criminal schemes — as well as "drop organizers" who arrange and coordinate such activities.

The author conducts a systematic analysis of the existing criminal offences in the banking sector in order to determine their applicability to the aforementioned persons. In particular, the study considers the provisions on liability for unauthorized fund transfers, money laundering, violations of personal data legislation, and a number of related offences. The institute of complicity, with particular emphasis on aiding and abetting, is examined as a potential legal instrument for holding drops criminally liable in the absence of a specific norm.

The article concludes that significant gaps in legal regulation currently impede the effective prosecution of individuals who provide financial instruments for criminal purposes. The author substantiates the need to introduce a dedicated criminal law offence providing for differentiated liability depending on the degree of the person's awareness of the unlawful nature of their actions.

The article examines the institutional and legal model of the national system for combating money laundering and terrorist financing in the Republic of Uzbekistan from a public law perspective. It argues that the AML/ CFT system functions as an independent mechanism of public administration aimed at safeguarding financial security and mitigating financial risks. The study explores the institutional organisation of financial intelligence, its law-enforcement orientation, and the combination of analytical and criminalprocedural functions within a single public authority. Particular attention is paid to the development of the national AML/CFT system, its legal framework, and the role of national risk assessment and inter-agency coordination. The author proposes a public-law criterion for assessing the admissibility of a law-enforcement-based financial intelligence model, grounded in the legal separation of analytical activity and criminal-procedural enforcement. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the AML/CFT system depends on its integration into public administration and adherence to the principle of proportionality in state intervention in economic activity.

The rapid expansion of the digital financial assets (DFA) market in Russia offers new opportunities for market participants while simultaneously creating fresh challenges and risks of financial crimes. The author examines the economic and legal nature of digital rights within the context of Federal Law No. 259-FZ and assesses the effectiveness of current regulations. An analysis of recent judicial and market practices reveals specific predicate and direct risks to the anti-money laundering system, including “controlled defaults” by issuers, fraud, and the emergence of Ponzi schemes. The article also highlights the lack of standardized smart contracts in this market, which complicates the verification of distributed ledger algorithms. Current threats associated with the use of generative artificial intelligence for creating “money mules” and synthetic identity fraud are identified. Based on a comparison of Russian experience with the regulatory approaches of the USA and Thailand, the necessity of forming a proactive legal environment is justified. Recommendations include the need to align regulatory regimes for traditional and digital financial assets and to enhance the professional qualifications of the judiciary.

The article analyzes the integration of legal and economic approaches to ensuring the financial security of the state in the current geopolitical conditions. The impact of sanctions restrictions on the stability of the national financial system is considered. The author identifies systemic problems of the current mechanism for ensuring financial security: fragmentation of regulatory frameworks; departmental disunity of financial control and supervision bodies; limited adaptability of legal institutions to new types of risks; the gap between economic policy and its legal institutionalization, which reduces the predictability of government regulation. An integrated model for ensuring the financial security of the state is proposed, including the formation of a single legal framework for regulation, the introduction of special modes of response to financial threats, the institutionalization of economic incentives for the development of national financial infrastructure, and the creation of a center for the situational analysis of financial risks. It is proven that the implementation of this model contributes to increasing the stability of the national financial system and strengthening the financial sovereignty of the state.

This article analyzes the formation and development of the State Fund “Defenders of the Fatherland” as a key institution providing targeted support to veterans of special military operations and the families of fallen and missing defenders. It examines a comprehensive social support model, scaled to 89 regions, and the role of interagency cooperation in resolving applicants' standard and non-standard life situations. Based on the foundation's performance indicators (over 2.3 million requests with a 96 % positive response rate), the importance of social coordinators is explored, including the participation of veterans and family members of heroes. Particular attention is paid to medical, psychological care, and rehabilitation (sanatorium and resort treatment, in-depth medical examinations, a network of “anchor” medical institutions), as well as support for professional development: retraining, employment, and entrepreneurship. Measures to assist veterans with disabilities (housing adaptation, high-tech prosthetics, the introduction of a comprehensive prosthetics service standard, and the development of a domestic prosthetics industry) are analyzed, as is the role of adaptive sports in social integration. The mechanisms of free legal aid and the significance of the foundation's patriotic projects aimed at preserving historical memory and strengthening civic identity are described.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of federalism in Russia, and its modern content as an objective basis for the formation of public authorities in the subjects of the Russian Federation. As a result of the research, the historical predisposition of the Russian Federation to a federal structure has been revealed as the most effective model of government, providing a structural invariant for the formation of public authorities in the subjects of the Russian Federation, taking into account social, economic, cultural, national factors and the experimental diversity of Russia's historical path in the components of Russian statehood, fixed in legal sources. Under these conditions, Russian federalism is conditioned by the factors of the development of the Russian state-civilization.