Legal Regulation of Financial Security in a Global Context: International AML/CFT Standards and Mechanisms

The article examines the evolution of the legal regulation of financial security at the global level with an emphasis on combating money laundering and terrorist financing (AML/CFT). The authors analyze the formation and development of key international standards, primarily the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), as well as the mechanisms for their implementation in national legal systems. Particular attention is paid to new challenges associated with the digitalization of financial services, including the use of crypto assets and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, which create both new opportunities and risks for AML/CFT regimes. As part of the solution of the scientific problem in the context of the legal regulation of AI technologies, the emerging dilemma is explored between the need to use it to improve the effectiveness of financial monitoring and the obligation to ensure the protection of fundamental human rights, such as privacy and non-discrimination. Based on a comparative analysis of international experience, the author concludes that there is a need for a balanced, innovation-oriented, but at the same time human rights-based approach to the further development of the global financial security system.

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