Measures to Counter Cruelty to Animals: Issues of an Inter-Sectoral Approach

Abstract

Until recently, liability for cruelty to animals was provided for in Art. 245 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Administrative and legal measures for it were established in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The establishment of federal regulations governing the responsible treatment of animals has necessitated the establishment of these measures at the federal level. The problem was partly resolved in 2023 as a result of the addition of administrative legislation with rules establishing liability, including for the above acts. This article is devoted to the assessment of these norms, in connection with criminal law norms, with an emphasis on some problematic provisions that can cause difficulties at the level of law enforcement practice. They relate, in particular, to the subject of offenses, the content of the act, their subject, and the subjective side.