THE PROBLEMS OF APPLYING PREVENTIVE DETENTION IN THE CRIMINAL LAW OF GERMANY

This article considers preventive detention as a measure of correction and security in the criminal law of Germany. The author determines the problems associated with the use of preventive detention in Germany, including the problem of legal nature, as well as its compliance with the classical criminal law principle “ne bis in idem”. The correct solution of the problems associated with the use of preventive detention depends on the correct definition of its legal nature. The German legislator clearly delineated the sentence of imprisonment and preventive detention. As a result of the introduced changes, the German institution of preventive detention has undergone significant transformation. The problems of the use of preventive detention are an integral part of a more global problem of duality in the criminal legal consequences of the act: the problem of correlation of criminal responsibility and other measures of a criminal legal nature. This problem is also relevant for the Russian criminal law.

criminal law, punishment, correctional and security measures, preventive detention, fundamental law, German criminal law doctrine, criminal law institution for preventive detention, European Court of Human Rights, Federal Constitutional Court, judicial practice, confiscation, conditional release

1. Fischer T. Strafgesetzbuch, 61. Auflage München, 2014. S. 592-598.

2. Jansing J. D. Nachträgliche Sicherungsverwahrung: Entwicklungslinien inder Dogmatik der Sicherungsver-wahrung. Münster, 2004. S. 378.

3. Пионтковский А. А. Уголовно-правовые воззрения Канта, А. Фейербаха и Фихте / Всесоюзный институт юридических наук НКЮ СССР. - М. : Юрид. изд-во НКЮ СССР, 1940. - 192 с

4. Mushoff T. Strafe - Maßregel - Sicherungsverwahrung: eine kritische Untersuc hung über das Verhältnis von Schuld und Prävention. - Frankfurt am Main, 2008.

5. Wischka B., Pecher W., van den Boogaart H. Behandlung von Straftäter: Sozialtherapie, Maßregelvollzug, Sicherungsverwahrung. - Freiburg, 2016.

6. Закон РФ от 02.07.1992 № 3185-1 (ред. от 03.07.2016) «О психиатрической помощи и гарантиях прав граждан при ее оказании» (с изм. и доп., вступ. в силу с 01.01.2017) // СПС «КонсультантПлюс»

7. Bergmann v. Germany (no. 23279/14, 07 Janury 2016) // URL: http://hudoc. echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-159782 (дата обращения: 23.02.2017)

8. VerfGE, Urteil vom 4 Mai 2011-2 BvR2365/09 // URL: http:// www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/DE/2011/05/ rs20110504_2bvr236509.html (дата обращения: 23.02.2017)

9. BVerfGE109, 133 // URL: http://www.servat.unibe.ch/dfr/bv109133.html (дата обращения: 23.02.2017)

10. Конвенция о защите прав человека и основных свобод (заключена в г. Риме 04.11.1950) // СПС «КонсультантПлюс»

11. M. v. Germany (no. 19359/04, §§ 45 78, 17 December 2009) // URL: http:// hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-96389 (дата обращения: 23.02.2017)

12. Mushoff T Strafe - Maßregel - Sicherungsverwahrung: eine kritische Untersuchung über das Verhältnis von Schuld und Prävention. Frankfurt am Main, 2008. S. 18-22