Legal aspects of the central bank digital currency introduction and functioning

Abstract

Introduction of the digital ruble into the Russian legal system has led or will inevitably lead to the emergence of the problem of regulating such relations in the banking sector, which affects the general economic situation. This article attempts to consider main problems and peculiarities of the functioning of digital currencies of the central bank, which is the digital ruble. The author analyzes the main forms of central bank digital currencies (accounting and tokenized forms of central bank digital currencies), considers approaches to the understanding of central bank digital currencies in foreign sources (property-legal, assignment and sui generis nature of central bank digital currencies) and their comparison with the domestic digital ruble while identifying the advantages and disadvantages of different legal and economic forms. The author identifies the main models of organization of central bank digital currencies: 1) one-tier model of central bank digital currencies, 2) twotier model of central bank digital currencies, and 3) hybrid model of central bank digital currencies.