The article considers the economic security of a commercial corporation as a principle of corporate law, formulates its concept and main features. The necessity of institutionalization of this principle in corporate law to improve the sustainability and competitiveness of companies is emphasized. The interests of the corporation in the context of their priority importance for corporate governance and resolution of corporate disputes are considered. The specificity of threats to economic security depending on the organizational and legal form and public or non-public status of the company is proved. The necessity of development of corporate responsibility according to the restitutive model with simultaneous development of legislation and practice of application of retributive measures has been substantiated. The article analyzes Russian and foreign experience and emphasizes the importance of integration of private and public legal mechanisms for effective risk management and threat prevention.