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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnik-msal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Университета имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL))</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-5998</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6163</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный юридический университет имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/2311-5998.2022.97.9.036-045</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnik-msal-1838</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЕКТОР ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ. Общая теория и история сравнительного правоведения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VECTOR OF LEGAL SCIENCE. General theory and history of Comparative Law</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Преодоление «колеи» традиционных ценностей в ходе модернизации правовой системы Японии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Overcoming Path Dependency of Traditional Values During the Modernization of Japan’s Legal System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полдников</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poldnikov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Юрьевич ПОЛДНИКОВ, профессор Департамента теории права и сравнительного правоведения факультета права, доктор юридических наук</p><p>123022, Россия, г. Москва, Большой Трехсвятительский пер., 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DMITRY Yu. POLDNIKOV, Professor at the Department of legal theory and comparative law, Dr. Sci. (Law)</p><p>3, Bolshoy Trekhsvyatitelsky per., Moscow, Russia, 123022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dpoldnikov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИУ ВШЭ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National research university “High School of Economics”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полдников Д.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полдников Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Poldnikov D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.msal.ru/jour/article/view/1838">https://vestnik.msal.ru/jour/article/view/1838</self-uri><abstract><p>В международной науке сравнительного правоведения до сих пор преобладает идеологизированный американский взгляд на успешное общественное развитие только через институты, соответствующие западным стандартам верховенства права и правового государства. «Незападные» традиционные ценности и институты объявляются причиной стагнации азиатских и африканских обществ в XIX—XX вв. Между тем причинная обусловленность успешного экономического развития именно западными правовыми институтами до сих пор не доказана, а функциональный взгляд на право в социокультурном контексте позволяет по-новому объяснить факт (не)обращения населения «незападных» стран в органы правосудия. В данной статье на примере опыта правовой модернизации Японии рассмотрены разные научные подходы к объяснению того, почему большинство японцев отказывалось обращаться в суды до и после реставрации Мэйдзи 1868 г., но изменило свое поведение в конце XX в. В первой части статьи представлен так называемый «культурный тезис» как препятствие модернизации, во второй — рассмотрены альтернативные объяснения (недостатки правовой системы и роль политических элит), порожденные необходимостью объяснить «юридический поворот» в Японии 1990‑х гг. Пример Японии показателен для понимания возможных препятствий реформам правосудия по западным моделям в «незападных» обществах, включая Россию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Comparative legal studies are still dominated by the ideological American view of successful social development only through institutions that correspond to Western standards of the rule of law. Non-Western traditional values and institutions are declared to be the cause of the stagnation of Asian and African societies in the 19th-20th centuries. Yet, the causal link between successful economic development and Western legal institutions is not clearly proven. A functional view of law in a socio-cultural context allows us to look differently at the fact of going or not going to courts in non-Western countries. This article builds on the experience of Japan’s legal modernization to examine different academic approaches to explain why the majority of Japanese refused to go to court before and after the Meiji Restoration of 1868, but changed their behavior at the turn of the 21st century. The first part of the article presents the so-called “cultural thesis” as an explanation of the main obstacle to modernization, the second part introduces alternative explanations (defects of the legal system and the role of political elites), generated by the need to explain the “legal turn” in Japan in the 1990s. The example of Japan is significant for understanding the possible obstacles to reforms of justice according to Western models in non-Western societies, including Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>верховенство права</kwd><kwd>азиатские ценности</kwd><kwd>функциональное сравнение</kwd><kwd>доверие к правосудию</kwd><kwd>модернизация</kwd><kwd>Япония</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rule of law</kwd><kwd>Asian values</kwd><kwd>functional comparison</kwd><kwd>trust in justice</kwd><kwd>modernization</kwd><kwd>Japan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Инглхарт Р. Культурная эволюция: как изменяются человеческие мотивации и как это меняет мир / пер. с англ. С. Л. Лопатина. — М. : Мысль, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Инглхарт Р. 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