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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnik-msal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Университета имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL))</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2311-5998</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6163</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный юридический университет имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17803/2311-5998.2021.83.7.145-152</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnik-msal-1506</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЙ ПОИСК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эвтаназия с точки зрения французского права</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Euthanasia under French law</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаддади</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Haddadi</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хаддади Ахмед - научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского центра по судебным разбирательствам Университета Тулон (Франция).</p><p>83560, Тулон, ул. Альфонса Доде, кампус факультета права Университета Тулон.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate Research Center for Litigation University of Toulon.</p><p>35, Alphonse Daudet Street, Toulon, 83560.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.haddadi@averroes-emj.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раваз</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ravaz</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раваз Флориан - научный сотрудник Лаборатории общественного здравоохранения, эпидемиологии и качества обслуживания Университета Лилль-2 (Франция).</p><p>59045, Лиль, пл. Верден, д. 1, Медицинский факультет Университета Лиля.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate Laboratory for Public Health, Epidemiology, and Service Quality.</p><p>Lille 2 University, France 1, Square Verdun, Lille, 59045.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.haddadi@averroes-emj.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Тулон</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Toulon</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Лилль-2</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lille 2 University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>145</fpage><lpage>152</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хаддади А., Раваз Ф., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хаддади А., Раваз Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Haddadi A., Ravaz F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.msal.ru/jour/article/view/1506">https://vestnik.msal.ru/jour/article/view/1506</self-uri><abstract><p>В соответствии с уголовным правом эвтаназия может квалифицироваться как два разных случая: как убийство — когда речь идет о действии, состоящем в прямом причинении смерти другому человеку, или как содействие другому лицу в самоубийстве. Эти два варианта квалификации применимы при условии, что исполнитель — лицо, совершившее акт причинения смерти, не является тем лицом, которому была причинена смерть. А самоэвтаназия — это, по сути, не более чем суицид.  Однако, кроме эвтаназии, совершаемой помимо воли третьего лица (как в случае с Кристин Малевр, медсестрой из Мант-ля-Жоли, осужденной в 2003 г.), существуют случаи запроса на эвтаназию с проставленной под ними подписью, которые представляют сложность с юридической точки зрения. Чтобы разобраться в данном вопросе, необходимо прежде всего уточнить позицию современного уголовного права в отношении суицида (самоубийства).  С точки зрения депенализации/декриминализации суицида, де факто лицо, совершившее деяние (независимо от результата его действий), которое само же и является пострадавшим, не может являться объектом судебного преследования и в конечном итоге не может быть осуждено. Однако отсутствие судебного преследования и осуждения никоим образом не означает, что это деяние — суицид — оправдывается/одобряется законом. С другой стороны, если считать самоубийство правом, то необходимо будет согласиться с тем, что любой желающий совершить это деяние может обратиться за содействием в осуществлении его смерти. В свете этих двух противоположных подходов перед нами встает вопрос о наличии (или отсутствии) права на смерть.  В то же время эвтаназия, совершаемая помимо воли (навязываемая), однозначно подпадает под действие обычного уголовного права, эвтаназия, совершаемая по запросу, не имеет правовой основы. На сегодняшний день никакое право (никакой закон) не позволяет одобрить/ удовлетворить просьбу о смерти, но при этом позволяет уважать такую просьбу и в определенной мере предписывает достойное к ней отношение. В настоящей работе будут рассматриваться два аспекта: возможность трактовать эвтаназию как убийство в соответствии с общим правом (I) и позиция французского законодательства в отношении права на смерть (II).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Under criminal law, euthanasia can have two distinct qualifications: that of homicide in the event that the act of directly killing another person is characterized, or that of assisting a third party in the suicide. These two qualifications are applicable on the condition that the agent — the author of the act of causing death — is not the one who went through it. In fact, selfeuthanasia is nothing more than suicide.</p><p>In addition to euthanasia imposed to a third party (such as in the case of Malevre, nurse from Mantes-la-Jolie, tried in 2003), the euthanasia requested and subscribed constitutes a complex legal question. Answering this question first involves specifying the position of contemporary criminal law in the face of suicide.</p><p>In the event that suicide is only decriminalized, in fact, the author of the act — regardless of the outcome of his actions, who is himself the victim, cannot be prosecuted. Nor ultimately receive any condemnation.</p><p>However, this lack of prosecution and conviction is by no means an endorsement of the act — suicide — by the law.</p><p>Moreover, in the event that suicide is a right, it would then be necessary to agree that any candidate for this act can request assistance in the accomplishment of his death. Given these two opposing approaches, imposed on us the question of whether there is a right to die.</p><p>Although the euthanasia imposed is unequivocally under ordinary criminal law, the euthanasia requested and granted is not based on any rights. To date, there is no right to approve a death request, but on the other hand, it does allow it to be respected and to some extent promotes its approach with dignity. This work will focus on two central points which are the possibility that euthanasia is a homicide under common law (I) and the attitude of French law concerning the right to death (II).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эвтаназия</kwd><kwd>ассистированный суицид</kwd><kwd>содействие в ассистированном суициде</kwd><kwd>конец жизни</kwd><kwd>паллиативная помощь и терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>euthanasia</kwd><kwd>assisted suicide</kwd><kwd>assisted suicide</kwd><kwd>end of life</kwd><kwd>palliative care and therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beignier B. The World. — 27 March 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beignier B. 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